Who Should Monitor Corruption? The perils of corruption, particularly for the poor, are real. Corruption flourishes in the dark, seeps into daily life and before long becomes the norm. Even a small bribe can deny a family food or a child medicine.
That is why it is imperative to put a spotlight on corrupt practices everywhere and to pursue ways to prevent and punish them. Next week in Doha, Qatar, 141 governments, party to the United Nations Convention against Corruption — the only global initiative to tackle this problem— are invited to do just that.
The core agenda item at the meeting is the adoption of a monitoring mechanism that will be used to verify whether governments’ actions match their commitments. Not surprisingly, this is a contentious issue. The Doha meeting will be the third attempt since the convention came into effect in 2005 to agree on a formula.
After 18 months of negotiations, there is still no firm consensus on an acceptable monitoring blueprint. The stumbling blocks going into the meeting concern how the reports detailing a county’s compliance are generated.
A few governments are resisting measures that would ensure that country reviews are fair, public and credible. At issue are the very terms “transparency and accountability.” At stake are the effectiveness and the credibility of the convention. What nobody wants is a milquetoast compromise that robs the convention of its authority.
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That is why it is essential that any monitoring mechanism should be robust and impartial. Nongovernmental organizations can offer expertise and give voice to the citizens most affected by corruption, and they must have the opportunity to contribute their views to the process.
In addition, the final reports must be published, and the review team should visit the country under review. Publishing information about individual countries lets others learn by example and, at the local level, gives citizens a chance to hold their governments to account.If the reports are written with advice from independent experts, their credibility is further strengthened.
The convention itself is an excellent, far-reaching document that covers all types of corruption, from bribery to embezzlement to money laundering. It provides for systems for recovering public assets taken by corrupt officials. It goes beyond punitive measures and includes provisions on how to strengthen public institutions and private entities against corrupt practices. It promotes international cooperation and provides technical assistance for countries with weak institutions struggling to break up complex, possibly endemic corruption networks.
Simply put, signatories to the convention agree to institute the necessary legislation and practices to prevent abusers of power from reaping the rewards of corruption.
Numerous countries agree that a monitoring mechanism for the convention — one that includes civil society participation ensures the publication of reports and guarantees countries are visited by government peers — is not only workable but effective.
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There are successful precedents. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Working Group on Bribery and the Council of Europe’s Group of States against Corruption (GRECO), for example, mandate country visits and publish their reports to good effect.
Some countries, however, are calling for a watered-down process whereby questionnaires are used instead of country visits, civil society is excluded from providing any inputs and the final reports are not published.
Transparency International is part of a 300-plus group of organizations strongly resisting these compromises. It is pushing for a review mechanism that is fair and credible, one that spurs countries to enforce the bribery laws they have and introduce legislature reforms where they fall short.
Transparency, not secrecy, will lead to fair treatment. People who are forced to pay bribes to secure everyday items, such as driving licenses or even jobs, should have recourse to legal protection — as should companies asked for bribes to win contracts.
Stalling the adoption of a review mechanism will send the wrong message to citizens, particularly at a time when trust in governments following the world financial crisis is at an all time low.
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In September the G-20 leaders in their communiqué about world poverty specifically called for an “effective, transparent and inclusive review mechanism” for the UN Convention against Corruption.
It is time for the international community to take action, resolve its differences and support a credible mechanism to fight corruption.